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18 exit when c%notfound; 19 dbms_output.put_line( l_rec.username || '.....' ); 20 end loop; 21 close c; 22 end; 23 / Procedure created.

Note This code prints out only five records at most. It was developed to be executed in an empty schema. A

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When Microsoft started developing the runtime that has become the CLR, which was doomed to replace the COM infrastructure, several design goals addressed common issues of COM development: Memory management: Reference counting has proven to be error prone; so a fully automated memory manager was needed to address this issue Pervasive metadata: The COM type system was incomplete, and the custom marshaller was too restrictive A more complete and general type system whose description was available at run time would have eased interoperability Data and metadata separation: The separation between data and metadata has proven to be fragile because components without their description are useless, and vice versa A binary format containing both components and their descriptions avoids these issues Distributed components: DCOM, the distributed COM infrastructure, has proven to be inefficient.

schema with lots of existing tables could cause various effects that differ from the results shown below. One effect could be that you don t see the table I m trying to show you in the example that would be because we print out only five records. Another might be a numeric or value error that would be due to a long table name. None of these facts invalidate the example; they could all be worked around by someone wanting to steal your data.

Now, most developers I know would look at that code and say that it s safe from SQL injection. They would say this because the input to the routine must be an Oracle DATE variable, a 7-byte binary format representing a century, year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. There is no way that DATE variable could change the meaning of my SQL statement. As it turns out, they are very wrong. This code can be injected modified at runtime, easily by anyone who knows how (and, obviously, there are people who know how!). If you execute the procedure the way the developer expects the procedure to be executed, this is what you might expect to see: ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> exec inj( sysdate ) select * from all_users where created = '09-DEC-09' PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. This result shows the SQL statement being safely constructed as expected. So, how could someone use this routine in a nefarious way Well, suppose you ve got another developer in this project the evil developer. The developers have access to execute that procedure, to see the users created in the database today, but they don t have access to any of the other tables in the schema that owns this procedure. Now, they don t know what tables exist in this schema the security team has decided security via obscurity is good so they don t allow anyone to publish the table names anywhere. So, they don t know that the following table in particular exists: ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> create table user_pw 2 ( uname varchar2(30) primary key, 3 pw varchar2(30) 4 ); Table created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> insert into user_pw 2 ( uname, pw ) 3 values ( 'TKYTE', 'TOP SECRET' );

The CLR has been designed with a distributed memory management approach to reduce the network overhead required to keep remote components alive The need for better component infrastructure led Microsoft to create the CLR, but the following concepts from COM proved so successful that they motivated several aspects of the CLR: Binary interoperability: The ability to interoperate at the binary level gives you the freedom to develop components from any language supporting the component infrastructure, allowing, for instance, Visual Basic developers to benefit from C++ components, and vice versa Dynamic loading: The interactive dynamic loading of components is an essential element to allow scripting engines such as Visual Basic for Applications to access the component model.